Chapter #4- The Human Population & The Environment- Guided Reading
1: List the symptoms and vectors (how spread) of the following disease:
* H1N1 (Swine Flu): Fever,
* West Nile Virus:
* SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome):
2: Why are diseases that affect humans expected to increase in the future?
A species can easily take us over as their are many more people on earth.
3: Define the following:
* Population Dynamics: General study of population changes
* A Population: Group of the same species in an area where they breed with each other.
* Demography: The study of the many human populations.
4: What are the 5 key properties of any population?
5: What are the 4 phases of the human population?
6: Define the following terms:
*Crude Birth Rate: # of births per 1000 individuals per year
*Crude Death Rate: # of deaths per 1000 individual per year
*Crude Growth Rate: Sum of added per 1000 individuals
* TFR (Total Fertility Rate): Total average # of children that a woman will give birth to.
* Doubling Time: (define and calculate?) Time needed for a population to double in size.
* Life Expectancy Rate: Average life span of an individual in their current age.
* GNP Per Capita: Gross National Product
7: What is the S-shaped or Logistic Growth Curve?
Curve at which the population will steadily average in size.
9: Explain this equation: g = (B -D)/N or g = G/N
Growth rate is the difference between birth and death rates
10: What does an age-structure pyramid show?
It shows the number of individuals at the current age limit starting from 0.
11: Summarize (one paragraph) The Prophecy of Thomas Malthus:
The prophecy is based on to that the world is going to continue to grow and food is necessary for people to survive.
What the prophecy states is that it would be impossible to thoroughly grow in population with the finite amount of
resources we have to supply it. Malthus argues that if we don't maintain a stable population a great famine will occur
with many other disasters leading to a collapse of the environment.
12: What is the demographic transition?
The change of birth/death rates over the development of the economy and industrialization
13: What is the difference between a maximum lifetime and life expectancy?
The maximum life time is the length of your life span that is determined through your genetics. Life expectancy
is the number of individuals that can expect a certain life time.
14: Which country has the highest life expectancy? Who is 2nd?
The small nation of Macau is 1st and Japan is 2nd.
15: What is the life expectancy of the United States?
78 years old.
16: Which country has the shortest life expectancy?
Swaziland has the lowest
17: When discussing the carrying capacity of the Earth- What are the:
* Short-Term Factors: Disruption of the food supply
* Intermediate-Term Factors: Disruption of the non renewable resources
*Long-Term Factors: A decline in resources per person
18: Explain how the carrying capacity of the Earth is a combination of science and of values.
Science is able to make new technology for the population and that new technology has worth to it and value.
19: What is the simplest and most effective means of slowing population growth?
The simplest and most effective is to delay the age of first childbirth.
20: Three characteristics of a population are the birth rate, growth rate, and death rate. How has
each been affected by (a) modern medicine, (b) modern agriculture, and (c) modern industry?
Modern medicine, agriculture, and industry have increased birth rate. The death rate has decreased as the technology, better food, and more effective medicine have prolonged the lives of the population. With high birth rates and low death rates, growth rates are higher.
21: What is meant by the statement “What is good for an individual is not always good for a
population”?
The value of living with higher standards are a lot more expensive. The value of living high takes resources that aren't really needed and those resources could be used to make products for the needy.
22: What environmental factors are likely to increase the chances of an outbreak of an epidemic
disease?
A growth in population and having less resources to make medicine with.
23:What is the demographic transition? When would one expect replacement-level fertility to
be achieved—before, during, or after the demographic transition?
Demographic transition consist of three stages that are a change in birth/death rates during the process of industrial and economic development. Replace level fertility would probably be achieved during the demographic transition.
24: Based on the history of human populations in various countries, how would you expect the
following to change as per capita income increased:
(a) birth rates: Would lower as more people would want to find a job first.
(b) death rates: The increase in money would provide more research into better medicine lowering the death rates.
(c) average family size: Small as birth rates are smaller.
(d) age structure of the population: There would be an increase of older people as life is more higher in standards.
* H1N1 (Swine Flu): Fever,
- Symptoms are coughs, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue.
- This disease was able to spread through pigs.
* West Nile Virus:
- Was originally from mosquitoes but were transported by birds.
- Symptoms are fevers, headaches, and body aches.
* SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome):
- Was spread from a wild animal to a human being.
- Symptoms are fevers, dry cough, short breath.
2: Why are diseases that affect humans expected to increase in the future?
A species can easily take us over as their are many more people on earth.
3: Define the following:
* Population Dynamics: General study of population changes
* A Population: Group of the same species in an area where they breed with each other.
* Demography: The study of the many human populations.
4: What are the 5 key properties of any population?
- Abundance
- Birth rates
- Death rates
- Growth rates
- Age structure
5: What are the 4 phases of the human population?
- Hunters and gatherers
- Rise of agriculture
- Industrial Revolution
- Post Industrial
6: Define the following terms:
*Crude Birth Rate: # of births per 1000 individuals per year
*Crude Death Rate: # of deaths per 1000 individual per year
*Crude Growth Rate: Sum of added per 1000 individuals
* TFR (Total Fertility Rate): Total average # of children that a woman will give birth to.
* Doubling Time: (define and calculate?) Time needed for a population to double in size.
* Life Expectancy Rate: Average life span of an individual in their current age.
* GNP Per Capita: Gross National Product
7: What is the S-shaped or Logistic Growth Curve?
Curve at which the population will steadily average in size.
9: Explain this equation: g = (B -D)/N or g = G/N
Growth rate is the difference between birth and death rates
10: What does an age-structure pyramid show?
It shows the number of individuals at the current age limit starting from 0.
11: Summarize (one paragraph) The Prophecy of Thomas Malthus:
The prophecy is based on to that the world is going to continue to grow and food is necessary for people to survive.
What the prophecy states is that it would be impossible to thoroughly grow in population with the finite amount of
resources we have to supply it. Malthus argues that if we don't maintain a stable population a great famine will occur
with many other disasters leading to a collapse of the environment.
12: What is the demographic transition?
The change of birth/death rates over the development of the economy and industrialization
13: What is the difference between a maximum lifetime and life expectancy?
The maximum life time is the length of your life span that is determined through your genetics. Life expectancy
is the number of individuals that can expect a certain life time.
14: Which country has the highest life expectancy? Who is 2nd?
The small nation of Macau is 1st and Japan is 2nd.
15: What is the life expectancy of the United States?
78 years old.
16: Which country has the shortest life expectancy?
Swaziland has the lowest
17: When discussing the carrying capacity of the Earth- What are the:
* Short-Term Factors: Disruption of the food supply
* Intermediate-Term Factors: Disruption of the non renewable resources
*Long-Term Factors: A decline in resources per person
18: Explain how the carrying capacity of the Earth is a combination of science and of values.
Science is able to make new technology for the population and that new technology has worth to it and value.
19: What is the simplest and most effective means of slowing population growth?
The simplest and most effective is to delay the age of first childbirth.
20: Three characteristics of a population are the birth rate, growth rate, and death rate. How has
each been affected by (a) modern medicine, (b) modern agriculture, and (c) modern industry?
Modern medicine, agriculture, and industry have increased birth rate. The death rate has decreased as the technology, better food, and more effective medicine have prolonged the lives of the population. With high birth rates and low death rates, growth rates are higher.
21: What is meant by the statement “What is good for an individual is not always good for a
population”?
The value of living with higher standards are a lot more expensive. The value of living high takes resources that aren't really needed and those resources could be used to make products for the needy.
22: What environmental factors are likely to increase the chances of an outbreak of an epidemic
disease?
A growth in population and having less resources to make medicine with.
23:What is the demographic transition? When would one expect replacement-level fertility to
be achieved—before, during, or after the demographic transition?
Demographic transition consist of three stages that are a change in birth/death rates during the process of industrial and economic development. Replace level fertility would probably be achieved during the demographic transition.
24: Based on the history of human populations in various countries, how would you expect the
following to change as per capita income increased:
(a) birth rates: Would lower as more people would want to find a job first.
(b) death rates: The increase in money would provide more research into better medicine lowering the death rates.
(c) average family size: Small as birth rates are smaller.
(d) age structure of the population: There would be an increase of older people as life is more higher in standards.